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The nursing process is a modified scientific method.〔Funnell, R., Koutoukidis, G.& Lawrence, K. (2009) Tabbner's Nursing Care (5th Edition), page 72, Elsevier Pub, Australia.〕 Nursing practise was first described as a four stage nursing process by Ida Jean Orlando in 1958.〔page 432, Marriner-Tomey & Allgood (2006) Nursing Theorists and their work〕 It should not be confused with nursing theories or Health informatics. The diagnosis phase was added later. The nursing process uses clinical judgement to strike a balance of epistemology between personal interpretation and research evidence in which critical thinking may play a part to categorize the clients issue and course of action. Nursing offers diverse patterns of knowing.〔Reed, P. (2009) Inspired knowing in nursing. Pg 63 in Loscin & Purnell (Eds) (2009) Contemporary Nursing Process.Springer Pub〕 Nursing knowledge has embraced pluralism since the 1970s.〔Kim, H (2010) The Nature of Theoretical Thinking in Nursing. page 6.〕 Some authors refer to a mind map or abductive reasoning as a potential alternative strategy for organizing care.〔Bradshaw, J & Lowenstein (2010) Innovative Teaching Strategies in Nursing and Related Health Professions.〕 Intuition plays a part for experienced nurses.〔Funnell, R., Koutoukidis, G.& Lawrence, K. (2009) Tabbner's Nursing Care (5th Edition), page 222, Elsevier Pub, Australia.〕 ==Phases== The nursing process is goal-oriented method of caring that provides a framework to nursing care. It involves six major steps: *A : Assess (what data is collected?) *D : Diagnose (what is the problem?) *O : Outcome Identification - (Was originally a part of the Planning phase, but has recently been added as a new step in the complete process). *P : Plan (how to manage the problem) *I : Implement (putting plan into action) *R :Rationale (Scientific reason of the implementations) *E : Evaluate (did the plan work?) According to some theorists, this six-steps description of the nursing process is outdated and misrepresents nursing as linear and atomic.〔http://rogeriannursingscience.wikispaces.com/Chapter+7+Practice+Methods〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「nursing process」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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